Clients are viewed as active subjects within their environments, situated in social structures characterized by constant change and unequal distribution of resources. Individual awareness is inseparable from broader social change; personal consciousness and societal transformation are mutually constitutive.
Core Concept
An anti-interventionist practice model that rejects expert-dominated control. Its orientation is toward the liberation of clients’ personal autonomy and the transformation of oppressive social structures.
Target Population
Populations with the least power and fewest resources. Due to exclusion and oppression by dominant power-holding groups, these individuals often experience psychological states such as helplessness, powerlessness, alienation, and loss of self-control. At the political and economic levels, they lack the power and opportunities necessary to participate meaningfully in society and in social reform efforts.
Practice Process
A series of actions guided by the life plans defined by individuals themselves, rather than by expert perspectives. This process includes identifying power-related barriers underlying social problems and developing and implementing specific strategies to reduce both direct and indirect structural constraints on power.
Ultimate Goal
To reduce feelings of powerlessness that arise from the negative devaluation imposed on individuals who are labeled or marginalized. The aim is to liberate disempowered clients so they may acquire, reclaim, or strengthen their power. Beyond enhancing clients’ self-worth and capacity for self-determination, this approach promotes critical consciousness through advocacy, education, political participation, collective action, and social movements—thereby contributing to broader processes of macro-level social transformation and change.
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